(1915- ) A Jewish Israeli political, military and intelligence figure of Polish origin. Shamir immigrated to Palestine in 1935. He was a member of both the Irgun and Lehi/Stern Gang (Jewish paramilitary groups that were subsumed into the Israeli army in 1948), and upon the creation of the State of Israel in 1948, became an active Israeli foreign intelligence agent in Europe. Shamir joined the Herut party (the precursor to the Likud party) in 1969, and was active in politics from then on. Prime Minister of Israel from 1983–1984 and 1986–1992, his government entered the Madrid Conference talks with Palestinian representatives, Syria, Jordan and Lebanon in 1991. See Hartley, Cathy, ed. A Survey of Arab-Israeli Relations, 2nd ed. London and New York: Europa Publications, 2004; and “Yitzhak Shamir.” 26 July 1998. Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 8 August 2011. http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Facts%20About%20Israel/State/Yitzhak%20Shamir.  http://www.justvision.org/glossary/shamir-yitzhak