Also termed the Wall, the Fence, Separation Wall, Security Fence, Annexation Wall and Apartheid Wall. A long structure of connected walls and fences that separates Israel from parts of the West Bank, running along the defacto border between Israel and the West Bank (see Green Line) and also within the West Bank. Critics and proponents disagree over the intent behind the structure, its route and its name. Israel began constructing the Separation Barrier in 2002, purportedly as a reaction to the violence of the Second Intifada. Still under construction today, Israel claims the Separation Barrier is needed for security, and cites decreases in suicide bombings within Israel since its construction as proof that the structure is both effective and necessary. Opponents claim the structure is an attempt to annex occupied Palestinian territory and unilaterally define future borders. They also maintain that the route of the Separation Barrier steals privately-owned, Palestinian land, and makes certain Palestinian villages and cities economically unviable. Israel has modified some of the routes in response to various Israeli High Court of Justice rulings as well as in response to international pressure and Palestinian-led demonstrations, but the route is still disputed. The debate over its legality intensified after the International Court of Justice issued an advisory opinion in 2004 declaring it a breach of international law. For a perspective against the Separation Barrier and its route, see Dolphin, Ray. The West Bank Wall: Unmaking Palestine. London: Pluto Press, 2006. For the Israeli government’s rationale for building the Separation Barrier, see “The Anti-Terrorist Fence.” Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 3 October 2011. http://securityfence.mfa.gov.il/mfm/web/main/missionhome.asp?MissionID=45187&. For updated statistics and analysis, see “Separation Barrier.” B’Tselem. 11 July 2011. http://www.btselem.org/separation_barrier.  http://www.justvision.org/glossary/separation-barrier