Following the outbreak of the Second Intifada in September 2000, Palestinian Arab citizens of Israel demonstrated in a number of villages and cities, expressing solidarity with Palestinians in East Jerusalem, the West Bank and Gaza and protesting against what they claim is inequality and neglect within Israel. Some demonstrations resulted in violence and Israeli police used rubber bullets and live ammunition, killing 13 Palestinian Arab citizens of Israel. The clashes were investigated by a special committee of inquiry – the Orr Commission – headed by an Israeli Supreme Court Justice. The commission found that police used excessive force in quelling the riots and exhibited prejudice against the Palestinian minority; however, it did not name individuals responsible for the killings. The commission also accused the Israeli government of neglect and bias with regard to its treatment of the Palestinian Arab Israeli population, but also condemned Palestinian Arab Israeli politicians for incitement. The events highlighted and deepened the rift between Palestinian Arab and Jewish citizens of Israel and is remembered with bitterness by Palestinian Arab Israelis. See Bligh, Alexander, ed. The Israeli Palestinians: an Arab Minority in the Jewish State. London: Frank Cass, 2003; and “Official Commission of Inquiry into the October 2000 events.” March 2004. Adalah. 22 August 2011. http://www.adalah.org/eng/commission.php.  http://www.justvision.org/glossary/october-2000-events