Kafr Kassem is a town in central Israel with a predominantly Palestinian Arab population. On October 29, 1956, on the eve of Israel’s war with Egypt, Kafr Kassem was the site of a massacre in which 47 Palestinian Arab citizens of Israel, including women and children, were killed by Israeli border police. At that time, Israel feared that Jordan might attack, and placed Palestinian Arab villages near the Jordanian border under a wartime curfew. However, many Kafr Kassem residents were outside of the village when the curfew was first declared and Israeli police fired on them when they returned to the village past the curfew hour. An Israeli court later convicted the Israeli border policemen of murder. See Mattar, Philip, ed. Encyclopedia of the Palestinians. New York: Facts on File, 2005; and Stern, Yoav. “50 years after massacre, Kafr Qasem wants answers.” Haaretz. 30 October 2006. http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/780569.html.  http://www.justvision.org/glossary/kafr-kassem-massacre