Roadblocks or military installations used by security forces to control and restrict pedestrian movement and vehicle traffic. The Israeli army makes widespread use of checkpoints in the Occupied Palestinian Territories in order to control the movement of Palestinians between Palestinian cities and between the Occupied Palestinian Territories and Israel. Checkpoints can be large, semi-permanent structures resembling border crossings, such as the Qalandia checkpoint between Ramallah and Jerusalem or the Hawara checkpoint between Nablus and Ramallah, or small, temporary barriers on roadways or at the entrance of Palestinian villages, often referred to as “flying” checkpoints. There are currently checkpoints at the entry and exit points of most large Palestinian populated areas in the West Bank, on every major road within the West Bank, and at every crossing point between Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories, in addition to many smaller checkpoints within the West Bank. The Israeli security forces at a checkpoint exercise total control over movement through the checkpoint, including the authority to check the identity papers of every driver, passenger and/or pedestrian who wishes to pass through. At certain checkpoints, mostly those that delineate Areas A, B and C (See Areas A, B, C), soldiers refuse passage to all who have not obtained Israeli-issued permits. Palestinians and Israeli observers cite frequent, if not routine, incidences of delay and harassment of Palestinian civilians at checkpoints, regardless of the status of their papers. According to the Israeli army, a checkpoint is a "security mechanism to prevent the passage of terrorists from [Palestinian Authority] PA territory into Israel while maintaining both Israeli and Palestinian daily routine," used to "facilitate rapid passage of Palestinians while providing maximal security to Israeli citizens." Palestinians consider the checkpoints a major obstacle to daily life as the checkpoints prevent freedom of movement in their territory. See Keshet, Yehudit Kirstein. CheckpointWatch: Testimonies from Occupied Palestine. London: Zed Books, 2006. For facts, figures and maps, see Machsom Watch’s website at http://www.machsomwatch.org/en; and ”West Bank Movement and Access.” June 2010. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs occupied Palestinian territory. 18 June 2011. http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/ocha_opt_movement_access_2010_06_16_english.pdf.  http://www.justvision.org/glossary/checkpoints